I-Antibody ye-IgM yokuphefumla esithoba

ILegionella pneumophila (Lp) yintsholongwane ene-flagellated, igram-negative.ILegionella pneumophila yintsholongwane ye-cell facultative parasitic enokuhlasela iimacrophages zabantu.

Ukusuleleka kwayo kuphuculwe kakhulu kubukho be-antibodies kunye ne-serum complements.I-Legionella inokubangela usulelo olubukhali lokuphefumla, olubizwa ngokuba sisifo seLegionella.Yeyokuba kudidi lwenyumoniya atypical, nto leyo enzima, kunye izinga lokufa 15%-30%, kwaye izinga lokufa kwezigulana i-immunity ephantsi inokuba phezulu 80%, nto leyo esongela kakhulu impilo yabantu.

I-M. Pneumonia (MP) yi-pathogen ye-mycoplasma pneumonia yabantu.Isasazwa kakhulu ngamathontsi, kunye nexesha lokufukamela kwiiveki ezi-2 ~ 3.Ukuba umzimba womntu usulelwe nguM. Pneumonia, emva kwexesha lokufukamela kwiiveki ezi-2 ~ 3, ngoko kubonakala ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi, kwaye malunga ne-1/3 yamatyala anokuthi angabonakali.Iqala kancinci, ibe neempawu ezinjengomqala obuhlungu, intloko ebuhlungu, ifiva, ukudinwa, ukuqaqamba kwezihlunu, ukungakuthandi ukutya, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokugabha kwisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo.

I-Q fever Rickettsia yi-pathogen ye-Q fever, kwaye i-morphology yayo yintonga emfutshane okanye i-spherical, ngaphandle kwe-flagella kunye ne-capsule.Owona mthombo wosulelo lwe-Q fever ebantwini yimfuyo, ingakumbi iinkomo neegusha.Kukho ukugodola, umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, iintlungu zemisipha, kunye nenyumoniya kunye nepleurisy inokuthi yenzeke, kwaye iindawo zezigulana zinokuthi zibe ne-hepatitis, i-endocarditis, i-myocarditis, i-thromboangiitis, isifo samathambo kunye nokukhubazeka komzimba, njl.

I-Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) ilula kakhulu ukubangela izifo zokuphefumula, ngakumbi i-bronchitis kunye nenyumoniya.Kukho iziganeko eziphezulu kubantu abadala, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neempawu ezincinci, ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukuqhaqhaqhafaza, intlungu yemisipha, ukukhohlela okomileyo, intlungu yesifuba esingenayo i-pleurisy, intloko, ukungahambi kakuhle kunye nokukhathala, kunye ne-hemoptysis embalwa.Izigulane pharyngitis kubonakaliswa intlungu emqaleni kunye nelizwi elirhabaxa, kwaye ezinye izigulane zingabonakaliswa njengenqanaba ezimbini isifo: ukuqala njenge pharyngitis, kwaye kuphuculwe emva unyango lweempawu, emva kweeveki 1-3, inyumoniya okanye ibronchitis kwenzeka kwakhona kunye nokukhohlela. isenziwa mandundu.

Intsholongwane yokuphefumla ye-syncytial virus (RSV) yimbangela eqhelekileyo yendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu kunye nezifo ezisezantsi zokuphefumla, kwaye ikwangunobangela ophambili we-bronchiolitis kunye nenyumoniya kwiintsana.I-RSV iyenzeka rhoqo ngonyaka ekwindla, ebusika, nasentwasahlobo enosulelo kunye nokuqhambuka.Nangona i-RSV inokubangela izifo ezinzulu zokuphefumla kubantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala, ithambile kakhulu kunaleyo yeentsana.

I-Adenovirus (ADV) ngomnye woonobangela ababalulekileyo bezifo zokuphefumla.Basenokukhokelela kwezinye izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, i-cystitis, kunye nezifo ze-rash.Iimpawu zezifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa yi-adenovirus zifana nezifo ezibandayo eziqhelekileyo kwisigaba sokuqala se-pneumonia, i-croup, kunye ne-bronchitis.Izigulane ezine-immune dysfunction zisengozini kakhulu kwiingxaki ezinzima zosulelo lwe-adenovirus.I-Adenovirus idluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kunye neendlela zomlomo wesitulo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngamanzi.

Intsholongwane yoMkhuhlane A (uMkhuhlane A) yahlulahlulwe yazii-hemagglutinin (HA) ezili-16 kunye ne-9 ye-neuraminidase (NA) subtypes ngokomahluko we-antigenic.Ngenxa yokuba ukulandelelana kwe-nucleotide ye-HA kunye (okanye) i-NA ilungele ukuguquka, okubangelwa utshintsho lwe-antigen epitopes ye-HA kunye (okanye) ye-NA.Ukuguqulwa kwale antigenicity kwenza i-immunity ethile yokuqala yesihlwele ingaphumeleli, ngoko ke intsholongwane yomkhuhlane A ihlala ibangela umlinganiselo omkhulu okanye umkhuhlane wehlabathi jikelele.Ngokweempawu zobhubhane, iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane ezibangela ubhubhani womkhuhlane phakathi kwabantu zingohlulwa zibe ziintsholongwane zomkhuhlane zamaxesha athile kunye neentsholongwane zomkhuhlane A.

Intsholongwane ye-Influenza B (uMkhuhlane B) yohlulwe ibe yiYamagata kunye neVictoria ezimbini zomnombo.Intsholongwane yoMkhuhlane B ine-antigenic drift kuphela, kwaye ukwahluka kwayo kusetyenziselwa ukunqanda ukubekw' esweni kunye nokukhutshwa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.Nangona kunjalo, ukuvela kwentsholongwane ye-influenza B kuyacotha kunaleyo yentsholongwane yomkhuhlane womntu, kwaye intsholongwane yomkhuhlane B inokubangela usulelo lokuphefumla komntu kwaye ikhokelele kubhubhane.

Intsholongwane yeParainfluenza (PIV) yintsholongwane edla ngokubangela ukosuleleka komjelo wokuphefumla osezantsi wabantwana, okukhokelela kwilaryngotracheobronchitis yabantwana.Uhlobo I ngoyena nobangela welaryngotracheobronchitis yabantwana, ilandelwa luhlobo II.Iindidi ze-I kunye ne-II zinokubangela ezinye izifo ezingaphezulu zokuphefumla kunye nezisezantsi zokuphefumla.Uhlobo lwe-III luhlala lukhokelela kwi-pneumonia kunye ne-bronchiolitis.

Legionella pneumophila, M. Pneumonia, Q fever Rickettsia, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Adenovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus kunye ne-Parainfluenza virus iindidi 1, 2 kunye ne-3 zezona ntsholongwane zixhaphakileyo ezibangela usulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla.Ke ngoko, ukufunyaniswa ukuba ngaba ezi ntsholongwane zikhoyo zisisiseko esibalulekileyo sokuxilongwa kwentsholongwane ye-atypical yokuphefumla, ukuze kubonelelwe ngesiseko samachiza onyango olusebenzayo kwiklinikhi.